World's largest tunnel construction machine made by mankind, Bertha
Civil engineering is regarded as one of the most important parts of human development. In particular, tunnel construction is a dangerous and civil engineering technology, and it requires a considerable amount of budget and technical expertise.
For this reason, humanity has fallen into the agony of "How can we build it safely and quickly?" And as a result we have developed a tunnel boring machine (TBM).
TBM has been widely used around the world since its development, but this time I will take a look at the biggest of them.
First, let's briefly review the history and basic concepts of TBM before looking at the largest TBMs.
The tunnel excavator we commonly talk about is called 'Shield Machine' or 'Tunnel Boring Machine' in English and is a machine developed to make tunnels underground or under the sea.
TBM can be used to excavate various types of rock masses, starting with hard rocks to soft, dirty soil. However, it is also referred to as a collection of various technologies such as mechanical engineering and material engineering, because it needs to be supported by earth pressure (soil pressure) and waterproofing and durable structure to withstand water penetration deep into tunnel.
Looking at the structure of the TBM, there is a cylindrical shield with a cutter at the front to cut the rock, and it moves forward while rotating it. At the back of the TBM there is a device for attaching a tunnel wall that can support the excavated rock mass. And the byproducts from excavation are exported through the inner conveyor belt.
The first tunnel excavator was built by French engineer Marc Isambard Brunel. Through this excavator, the 'Thames Tunnel' was completed between 1825 and 1843, crossing the River Thames in England over the construction period. At that time, the tunnel excavator was powered by a steam engine and 36 miners were put in for auxiliary work.
Note that the construction method used at that time was not the TBM method as the shield method.
Since then, it has begun to be used in various tunnel construction, such as the opening of the Fréjus railway tunnel between Italy and France.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, inventors had to work on improving TBM for most civil engineering works, such as subways and sewers. As a result, a drum-type TBM with a cutter was born and became the basic model of the current TBM. Nowadays, a combination of shield method and TBM method is used.
In 2009, the 'Niagara Tunnel' project was conducted to increase the generation of Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric power station located in Niagara Falls, Canada, where TBM was used. What is noteworthy here is that it was completed in early 2013, which is nine months short of the planned construction period.
In July 2013, the world's largest TBM 'Bertha' will be commissioned in the long run through the 3.2km underground city of Seattle in the United States and begin to write a new history of tunnel construction.
The world's largest TBM Bertha was produced in December 2012 at Hitachi Zosen Sakai Works in Osaka, Japan. Japan is recognized as a technologically advanced country in the field.
Bertha, the name of the machine, was named after the Seattle Women's Market in the past and was selected by a survey from kindergarten through elementary school students in Washington.
Bertha has 25 engineers and boasts a massive head of 99 m in length and 6,700 tons in weight, with 260 cutters, 17.5 m in diameter. The height is similar to the 7-story building.
In particular, the engine output is 25,000 horsepower and can travel about 10 meters per day. That is, it can be expressed at a speed of 41 cm / h. However, this can be seen as a natural number because it moves by crushing hard ground.
Engineers in protective suits that supply air for maintenance on the middle part of the head are also put in.
For reference, Seattle is known for spending a huge sum of $80million to purchase this machine.
Bertha has been working on tunnel excavation from 2013 to April 2017, with eight types of underground rocks in Seattle causing delays in the process of replacing the heads to fit the situation.
In August 2017, all of the iron parts except for the head parts went into the furnace and changed their name because the bushes that had been drilled at the end of the twists and turns were not reusable by design.
The tunnels excavated by Bertha are expected to be finishing and will be opened on July 17, 2019 with a second-floor tunnel. A construction official said, "This tunnel construction is expected to solve a lot of traffic problems."
Bertha, the world's largest tunnel excavator, is a monster-like machine that breaks underground rocks, which, unlike their names, can never be broken by man's power. Though it has been disposed of with the end of the excavation, there is a possibility that even larger TBMs may come from now, considering that the demand for TBM will continue to lead to tunnel construction all over the world.
If you excavate an unprecedented, incredibly large tunnel for special reasons, is it possible that TBM will be the same size as the largest machine on Earth, the Bagger?
For this reason, humanity has fallen into the agony of "How can we build it safely and quickly?" And as a result we have developed a tunnel boring machine (TBM).
TBM has been widely used around the world since its development, but this time I will take a look at the biggest of them.
First, let's briefly review the history and basic concepts of TBM before looking at the largest TBMs.
How do I need a machine to work?
Herrenknecht
The tunnel excavator we commonly talk about is called 'Shield Machine' or 'Tunnel Boring Machine' in English and is a machine developed to make tunnels underground or under the sea.
Excavation method and byproduct treatment process / Herrenknecht
TBM can be used to excavate various types of rock masses, starting with hard rocks to soft, dirty soil. However, it is also referred to as a collection of various technologies such as mechanical engineering and material engineering, because it needs to be supported by earth pressure (soil pressure) and waterproofing and durable structure to withstand water penetration deep into tunnel.
Tunnel exterior wall installation process simultaneously with excavation / Herrenknecht
Looking at the structure of the TBM, there is a cylindrical shield with a cutter at the front to cut the rock, and it moves forward while rotating it. At the back of the TBM there is a device for attaching a tunnel wall that can support the excavated rock mass. And the byproducts from excavation are exported through the inner conveyor belt.
Tunnel excavator of 192 years history
Example of Tunnel External Wall Installation Process
The first tunnel excavator was built by French engineer Marc Isambard Brunel. Through this excavator, the 'Thames Tunnel' was completed between 1825 and 1843, crossing the River Thames in England over the construction period. At that time, the tunnel excavator was powered by a steam engine and 36 miners were put in for auxiliary work.
Note that the construction method used at that time was not the TBM method as the shield method.
Since then, it has begun to be used in various tunnel construction, such as the opening of the Fréjus railway tunnel between Italy and France.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, inventors had to work on improving TBM for most civil engineering works, such as subways and sewers. As a result, a drum-type TBM with a cutter was born and became the basic model of the current TBM. Nowadays, a combination of shield method and TBM method is used.
'Big Becky' TBM used in the Niagara Tunnel project
In 2009, the 'Niagara Tunnel' project was conducted to increase the generation of Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric power station located in Niagara Falls, Canada, where TBM was used. What is noteworthy here is that it was completed in early 2013, which is nine months short of the planned construction period.
In July 2013, the world's largest TBM 'Bertha' will be commissioned in the long run through the 3.2km underground city of Seattle in the United States and begin to write a new history of tunnel construction.
She can not stop anyone, Bertha
The world's largest TBM Bertha was produced in December 2012 at Hitachi Zosen Sakai Works in Osaka, Japan. Japan is recognized as a technologically advanced country in the field.
Bertha, the name of the machine, was named after the Seattle Women's Market in the past and was selected by a survey from kindergarten through elementary school students in Washington.
Tunnel ~ video moving to the inside of Bertha / tunneltalk.com
Cockpit / newatlas
Tunnel outer wall panel / newatlas
newatlas
Head / newatlas
Bertha has 25 engineers and boasts a massive head of 99 m in length and 6,700 tons in weight, with 260 cutters, 17.5 m in diameter. The height is similar to the 7-story building.
In particular, the engine output is 25,000 horsepower and can travel about 10 meters per day. That is, it can be expressed at a speed of 41 cm / h. However, this can be seen as a natural number because it moves by crushing hard ground.
Bertha worksite, underground construction site must wear protective clothing due to lack of air. / tunneltalk.com
Engineers in protective suits that supply air for maintenance on the middle part of the head are also put in.
For reference, Seattle is known for spending a huge sum of $80million to purchase this machine.
Bertha has been working on tunnel excavation from 2013 to April 2017, with eight types of underground rocks in Seattle causing delays in the process of replacing the heads to fit the situation.
In August 2017, all of the iron parts except for the head parts went into the furnace and changed their name because the bushes that had been drilled at the end of the twists and turns were not reusable by design.
The tunnels excavated by Bertha are expected to be finishing and will be opened on July 17, 2019 with a second-floor tunnel. A construction official said, "This tunnel construction is expected to solve a lot of traffic problems."
Bertha, the world's largest tunnel excavator, is a monster-like machine that breaks underground rocks, which, unlike their names, can never be broken by man's power. Though it has been disposed of with the end of the excavation, there is a possibility that even larger TBMs may come from now, considering that the demand for TBM will continue to lead to tunnel construction all over the world.
Bagger 293
If you excavate an unprecedented, incredibly large tunnel for special reasons, is it possible that TBM will be the same size as the largest machine on Earth, the Bagger?
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